A Practical OEM Checklist for Specifying a Glass Heater

https://precision-heating-elements.lakeviewbrief.com/posts/ito-glass-heater-vs-conventional-heating-elements-key-differences

In camera windows, a glass heater must deliver heat in a controlled way. It uses a glass panel combined with a conductive heating layer or heater element. One useful trait is anti-fog capability. Still, thermal stress can change the result